Fig. 3: Effects of virtual AMD on electrophysiological parameters and virtual AF outcomes.
a Action potential duration (APD) curves plotted under constant 500 ms pacing at various AMD concentrations. b A significant increase in APD90 is observed with both low and high doses of AMD, with a slight decrease at the toxic dose, although still higher than the baseline (No AMD). c The peak upstroke velocity decreases significantly in a dose-dependent manner as the concentration of AMD increases. d Low-dose AMD increases Smax compared to baseline, while high-dose and toxic-dose AMD significantly reduce Smax. e There is a significant reduction in DF as the dose of AMD increases, indicating decreased AF driver activity. f As the dose of AMD increases, the rate of AF termination increases, showing the drug’s effectiveness at higher concentrations. g The AF maintenance rate decreases significantly with increasing AMD concentration, reflecting the enhanced likelihood of AF termination at higher doses. AF atrial fibrillation, AMD amiodarone, AT atrial tachycardia, APD action potential duration, DF dominant frequency, dV/dt: peak upstroke velocity, Smax the maximal restitution slope of action potential duration.
