Table 3 Multivariable Cox analysis of disease-free survival in validation cohort 2

Age (continuous)

1.01 (0.99–1.05)

0.347

Sex (male vs. female)

0.92 (0.53–1.61)

0.777

Smoke (yes vs. no)

1.55 (0.84–2.88)

0.164

Location (left vs. right)

1.06 (0.60–1.88)

0.833

Surgery (lobectomy vs. sublobar resection)

1.40 (0.44–4.51)

0.571

EGFR mutation (positive vs. negative)

0.70 (0.39–1.24)

0.218

KRAS mutation (positive vs. negative)

1.75 (0.69–4.41)

0.237

VPI (present vs. absent)

3.91 (2.23–6.84)

<0.001

1.59 (0.86–2.95)

0.138

1.44 (0.79–2.62)

0.238

STAS (present vs. absent)

3.79 (2.13–6.75)

<0.001

1.30 (0.69–2.45)

0.421

1.15 (0.60–2.21)

0.666

LVI (present vs. absent)

3.90 (2.20–6.93)

<0.001

1.66 (0.90–3.05)

0.106

1.48 (0.80–2.74)

0.214

IASLC grade

 II vs. I

2.21 (0.23–21.23)

0.493

1.94 (0.20–18.67)

0.568

1.88 (0.19–18.13)

0.587

 III vs. I

22.22 (3.06–161.32)

0.002

9.02 (1.13–72.27)

0.038

10.29 (1.28–82.93)

0.028

TNM stage

 II vs. I

3.63 (1.64–8.04)

0.002

1.66 (0.71–3.87)

0.244

1.54 (0.67–3.56)

0.314

 III vs. I

7.14 (3.80–13.40)

<0.001

2.73 (1.36–5.51)

0.005

3.08 (1.53–6.21)

0.002

Adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs. no)

1.78 (1.01–3.12)

0.046

0.76 (0.42–1.40)

0.385

0.69 (0.38–1.25)

0.217

WSI-based score (high risk vs. low risk)

3.04 (1.62–5.72)

0.001

2.96 (1.55–5.66)

0.001