Table 1 Clinical characteristics of all datasets
Variables | Retrospective test dataset (n = 491) | Prospective test dataset (n = 477) | External test dataset (n = 36) |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||
 Male, n (%) | 133 (27.1) | 152 (31.9) | 15 (41.7) |
 Age, years | 43.2 ± 16.3 | 43.7 ± 15.3 | 52.4 ± 15.4 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 ± 3.8 | 22.3 ± 3.9 | 22.9 ± 3.6 |
 Smoking, n (%) | 68 (13.8) | 57 (11.9) | 7 (19.4) |
 Alcohol use, n (%) | 48 (9.8) | 42 (8.8) | 7 (19.4) |
 SBP, mmHg | 115.0 (106.8–123.0) | 117.0 (106.0–125.0) | 125.0 (102.0–133.2) |
 DBP, mmHg | 72.0 (65.0–80.0) | 73.0 (66.0–80.0) | 74.5 (67.8–82.5) |
NYHA-FC, n (%) | |||
 I | 51 (10.4) | 222 (46.5) | 14 (38.9) |
 II | 250 (50.9) | 140 (29.4) | 12 (33.3) |
 III | 169 (34.4) | 113 (23.7) | 10 (27.8) |
 IV | 21 (4.3) | 2 (0.4) |  |
Medical History | |||
 Hypertension, n (%) | 92 (18.7) | 82 (17.2) | 10 (27.8) |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 28 (5.7) | 33 (6.9) | 3 (8.3) |
 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 42 (8.6) | 54 (11.3) | 5 (13.9) |
 Past MI, n (%) | 3 (0.6) | 3 (0.6) | 6 (16.7) |
 Surgical history, n (%) | 121 (24.6) | 141 (29.6) | 13 (36.1) |
 Fx of malignancy, n (%) | 9 (1.8) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (5.6) |
Laboratory results | |||
 NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 420.0 (130.4–1371.0) | 357.0 (139.0–1304.0) | 309.0 (75.8–765.0) |
 Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.1) |
 CKMB, ng/mL | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.8 (1.3–2.6) | 1.4 (0.7–2.3) |
 Creatinine, μmol/L | 74.3 (66.0–86.9) | 66.6 (56.7–79.7) | 72.4 (63.8–85.2) |
 D-dimer, μg/mL | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
Transthoracic echocardiography | |||
 Available reports, n (%) | 490 (99.8) | 476 (99.7) | 36 (100) |
 AA, mm | 28.0 (25.0–31.0) | 28.0 (25.0–33.0) | 32.0 (29.8–34.2) |
 LA, mm | 33.0 (29.0–38.0) | 34.0 (30.0–39.0) | 35.0 (29.8–39.2) |
 RA, mm | 42.0 (35.0–50.0) | 35.0 (35.0–35.0) | 36.0 (32.8–46.5) |
 RV, mm | 31.0 (26.0–36.0) | 33.0 (28.0–38.0) | 28.0 (25.0–36.2) |
 IVS, mm | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) |
 LVEF, % | 65.0 (60.0–69.0) | 67.0 (63.0–71.0) | 62.0 (61.5–66.0) |
 LVEDD, mm | 41.0 (36.8–45.0) | 41.0 (37.0–47.0) | 43.0 (40.8–47.0) |
 TAPSE, mm | 17.0 (15.0–19.0) | 17.0 (16.0–19.0) | 20.5 (17.0–24.2) |
 TVSV, m/s | 4.2 (3.5–4.7) | 4.2 (3.5–4.7) | 3.1 (2.7–3.6) |
 TVPG, mmHg | 70.6 (49.0–88.4) | 70.6 (49.0–88.4) | 38.4 (29.0–51.9) |
 Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 65 (13.2) | 93 (19.5) | 4 (11.1) |
Chest X-Ray | |||
 Available reports, n (%) | 490 (100) | 477 (100) | 30 (83.4) |
 Cardiothoracic ratio | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) |
 Enlarged PA trunk, n (%) | 281 (57.2) | 251 (52.6) | 5 (13.9) |
 Dilated mPA, n (%) | 294 (59.9) | 258 (54.1) | 8 (22.2) |
 Enlarged RV, n (%) | 331 (67.4) | 310 (65.0) | 20 (55.6) |
Electrocardiography | |||
 Available reports, n (%) | 50 (10.2) | 339 (71.1) | 12 (33.4) |
 Sinus tachycardia, n (%) | 9 (1.8) | 25 (5.2) | 1 (2.8) |
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 6 (1.2) | 25 (5.2) | 1 (2.8) |
 Atrial flutter, n (%) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (1.5) |  |
 RBBB, n (%) | 7 (1.4) | 61 (12.8) | 2 (5.6) |
 IRBBB, n (%) | 5 (1.0) | 62 (13.0) | 1 (2.8) |
 ST-T changes, n (%) | 14 (2.9) | 133 (27.9) | 2 (5.6) |
 P-wave abnormalities, n (%) | 12 (2.4) | 78 (16.4) | 1 (2.8) |
 RAD, n (%) | 14 (2.9) | 133 (27.9) | 4 (11.1) |
 RVH, n (%) | 13 (2.6) | 87 (18.2) |  |
 V1R/S > 1, n (%) | 4 (0.8) | 37 (7.8) |  |
Hemodynamic assessment | |||
 PH, n (%) | 458 (93.3) | 431 (90.4) | 19 (52.8) |
 Pre-capillary PH, n (%) | 322 (70.3) | 317 (73.5) | 16 (84.2) |
 Post-capillary PH, n (%) | 35 (7.6) | 29 (6.7) | 2 (10.5) |
