Table 2 Medication adherence and clinical outcomes in both groups overtime; expressed as mean (SD), median (IQR) or number of patients (percentage)

From: Impact of pharmacist led mobile application on medication adherence and efficacy in chronic kidney disease

Outcome

Baseline

1 month

2 months

3 months

P value* (Within group)

SMAQ Overall Adherence, Adherent, N (%)

 App Group

4 (9.3)

20 (51.16)

27 (62.79)

32 (74.42)

<0.001a

 Control Group

5 (12.2)

15 (34.90)

17 (39.53)

18 (41.86)

0.019a

 P value* (Between groups)

0.738b

0.082b

0.018b

0.002b

-

eGFR (ml/min), Mean (SD)

 App Group

44.16 (15.74)

47.81 (15.82)

44.52 (17.79)

49.49 (18.5)

<0.001c

 Control Group

41.37 (17.66)

41.72 (20.97)

44.33 (18.53)

43.44 (20.9)

0.305c

 P value* (Between groups)

0.439d

0.091d

0.956d

0.127d

0.044**

SrCr, mg/dL Median (IQR)

 App Group

1.72 (1.45–2.30)

1.69 (1.33–2.40)

1.76 (1.46–2.54)

1.60 (1.21–2.23)

0.134e

 Control Group

1.78 (1.57–2.9)

1.89 (1.52–3.17)

1.82 (1.52–2.80)

1.84 (1.52–2.97)

0.823e

P value* (Between groups)

0.292f

0.321f

0.577f

0.095f

–

Hemoglobin, g/dL, Mean (SD)

 App Group

11.81 (1.97)

11.90 (1.63)

12.11 (1.36)

11.72 (1.63)

0.350c

 Control Group

11.97 (2.36)

12.09 (1.61)

11.99 (1.80)

11.80 (2.10)

0.755c

 P value* (Between groups)

0.727d

0.650d

0.798d

0.843d

0.672**

Random blood glucose, mg/dL, Median (IQR)

 App Group

129 (105–150)

122.47 (106.20–134.14)

120.09 (103.60–131.14)

114 (103–123.04)

0.047e

 Control Group

126.90 (106–155)

130.76 (116–145)

124.54 (111.94–133.65)

121.04 (114–139)

0.350e

 P value* (Between groups)

0.966f

0.042f

0.260f

0.006f

-

Systolic blood pressure, Mean (SD)

 App Group

134.09 (21.44)

130.51 (16.52)

130.90 (14.35)

131.91 (17.76)

0.521c

 Control Group

136.40 (20.25)

132.66 (11.47)

133.89 (12.87)

131.01 (14.24)

0.211c

 P value* (Between groups)

0.609d

0.490d

0.318d

0.796d

0.704**

Diastolic blood pressure, Mean (SD)

 APP Group

83.44 (17.15)

81.37 (11.68)

81.30 (10.59)

81.61 (13.99)

0.736c

 Control Group

87.12 (17.51)

82.42 (9.10)

82.75 (8.07)

80.55 (10.71)

0.012c

 P value* (Between groups)

0.326d

0.628d

0.492d

0.695d

0.455**

Weight, Mean (SD)

 App Group

77.47 (20.21)

78.55 (19.32)

76.79 (15.24)

76.84 (20.17)

0.715c

 Control Group

81.56 (23.77)

80.00 (15.32)

81.92 (12.10)

80.40 (15.09)

0.810c

 P value* (Between groups)

0.390d

0.704d

0.096d

0.358d

0.723**

  1. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SrCr Serum Creatinine, IQR Interquartile range.
  2. *: level of significance P < 0.05, **: Interaction (Time × Group) P value, using mixed repeated measures ANOVA.
  3. Bold values indicate P < 0.05.
  4. aCochrane Q test.
  5. bChi square test.
  6. cOne way repeated measures ANOVA.
  7. dIndependent samples t-test.
  8. eFriedman test.
  9. fMann Whitney U test.
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