Table 2 Summary of logic models for each intervention
Author (Year) | Monitoring frequency | Additional patient input | Care provider input | Outputs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Objective: facilitate early intervention (n = 4) | ||||
Bernard et al.24 | Weekly for 6 months | • No additional actions | • Scheduled a 3-month in-person or phone appointment if disease activity was high or data completion was low | • Provider-facing alert if data completion was less than 75% or if responses indicated high disease activity within a standalone dashboard |
Cloosterman et al.25 | As prescribed (typically weekly) for a lifetime | • No additional actions | • Review symptom data between consultations to detect outcome worsening | • Provider-facing graph of longitudinal symptom data within a standalone dashboard |
de Jong et al.26 | 3-monthly; Weekly for 12 months | • Increased monitoring frequency if flaring | • Review dashboard twice daily for alerts; • Schedule a follow-up visit, as required, after receiving an alert of high disease activity | • Provider-facing alert if responses indicated high disease activity within a standalone dashboard |
Gumley et al.27 | Daily for 12 months | • No additional actions | • Peer support workers communicated regularly with users to improve engagement; • Escalate care as required after receiving an alert indicating a high-risk of outcome worsening | • Provider-facing graph of longitudinal outcome data within a standalone dashboard; • Provider-facing alert to highlight worsening outcomes within a standalone dashboard and via email; • Patient-facing self-management alerts within the app |
Objective: facilitate patient-initiated care (n = 1) | ||||
Seppen et al.28 | Weekly for 12 months | • Contact a nurse upon receiving an alert in the app detecting worsening disease activity if necessary | • View patient-reported data within the electronic medical record if required; • Schedule a nurse appointment when requested to manage worsening disease activity | • Patient-facing graph of longitudinal outcome data within the app; • Patient-facing alert to highlight a flare in disease activity within the app |
Objective: facilitate self-management (n = 2) | ||||
Miranda et al.29 | Monthly; Weekly; Daily for 15 months | • Attend a planning appointment to define self-management goals | • Facilitate a planning appointment to set a goal-oriented care plan using a standalone online portal | • Patient-facing graph of longitudinal data via app or standalone dashboard |
van der Hout et al.30 | Patient choice for 6 months | • Decide on the topics to monitor within the app | • No additional actions | • Patient-facing self-management feedback based on responses provided via the app |
