Table 3 Chi-square test results for the association between predicted and chronological age groups across various valvular abnormalities (stenosis and regurgitation) in different predicted age categories

From: Artificial intelligence prediction of age from echocardiography as a marker for cardiovascular disease

Predicted Age Group

Valvular Disorders

Predicted age significantly lower than chronological age

Predicted age within expected range

Predicted age significantly higher than chronological age

Chi2 Statistic

Degrees of Freedom

p-value

Odds Ratioa

<40

Aortic Stenosis

3 (0.50%)

5 (3.97%)

8.59

1

0.003

8.26 (1.95, 35.04)

Mitral Regurgitation

96 (15.92%)

45 (35.71%)

24.92

1

<0.001

2.93 (1.92, 4.49)

Tricuspid Regurgitation

185 (30.68%)

62 (49.21%)

15.15

1

<0.001

2.19 (1.48, 3.23)

Aortic Regurgitation

37 (6.14%)

26 (20.63%)

25.94

1

<0.001

3.98 (2.31, 6.86)

40–60

Aortic Stenosis

0 (0.00%)

40 (1.84%)

17 (11.26%)

52.75

2

<0.001

6.77 (3.74, 12.26)

Mitral Regurgitation

1 (12.50%)

615 (28.29%)

67 (44.37%)

18.73

2

<0.001

2.02 (1.45, 2.82)

Tricuspid Regurgitation

3 (37.50%)

799 (36.75%)

88 (58.28%)

27.73

2

<0.001

2.40 (1.72, 3.36)

Aortic Regurgitation

0 (0.00%)

220 (10.12%)

43 (28.48%)

48.59

2

<0.001

3.54 (2.42, 5.17)

60–80

Aortic Stenosis

0 (0.00%)

260 (6.40%)

3 (15.00%)

9.37

2

0.009

2.58 (0.75, 8.86)

Mitral Regurgitation

7 (7.00%)

1590 (39.15%)

12 (60.00%)

46.55

2

<0.001

2.33 (0.95, 5.72)

Tricuspid Regurgitation

31 (31.00%)

1882 (46.34%)

14 (70.00%)

13.87

2

<0.001

2.70 (1.04, 7.04)

Aortic Regurgitation

3 (3.00%)

721 (17.75%)

9 (45.00%)

25.18

2

<0.001

3.79 (1.56, 9.18)

>80

Aortic Stenosis

14 (13.59%)

451 (20.58%)

2.56

1

0.11

Mitral Regurgitation

46 (44.66%)

1303 (59.47%)

8.31

1

0.004

Tricuspid Regurgitation

63 (61.17%)

1507 (68.78%)

2.3

1

0.129

Aortic Regurgitation

30 (29.13%)

810 (36.97%)

2.28

1

0.131

  1. aOdds ratio of event rate comparing predicted age significantly higher than chronological age vs. predicted age within expected range.