Table 1 Performance comparison of different models on external datasets

0.515 ± 0.156

0.567 ± 0.240

0.994 ± 0.007

27.951 ± 39.774

0.526 ± 0.263

6.383 ± 9.007

0.590 ± 0.218

0.587 ± 0.229

0.997 ± 0.004

15.457 ± 19.783

0.482 ± 0.195

4.255 ± 5.377

0.740 ± 0.120

0.738 ± 0.115

0.998 ± 0.002

8.937 ± 5.767

0.709 ± 0.135

1.815 ± 1.058

0.785 ± 0.098

0.845 ± 0.100

0.997 ± 0.004

7.669 ± 5.992

0.774 ± 0.101

1.463 ± 0.897