Table 1 Examples for digital twins in medicine and healthcare
From: The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare
Subject | Reference | Article type | Content |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardiology | C | Concepts in a digital twin model of the heart (2021). | |
Clinical oncology | R | Integrating medical imaging with mechanism-based, tissue-scale mathematical modeling (2022). | |
T1 diabetes | A | Closed-loop system of glucose metabolism functioning as an artificial pancreas (2019). | |
T2 diabetes | A | DT for chronic kidney disease (CKD) identification utilizing generalized metabolic fluxes (GMF) (2024). | |
Multiple sclerosis | R | Improve diagnosis, monitoring, therapy, and enabling prevention of disease progression (2021). | |
Viral infection | P | Personalized computer simulations of infection could allow more effective treatments (2021). | |
Immune system | P | Roadmap for building a prototype of an immune digital twin (2022). | |
Oncology | A | DT integrating mutation, miRNA expression, imaging, and clinical data for kidney and colon cancer (2024). | |
Healthcare | R | DT multi-agent simulation, monitoring the patient’s personal health indicators and their development (2025). | |
Mental health | A | DT for the detection of mental health conditions through dialog-based natural language processing systems (2024). | |
Critical Care | A | Optimize critical care workflows to monitor physical entities in the Critical Care Unit (2025). | |
Drug development | P | Drug Development Digital Twin (DDDT) for drug discovery, testing and repurposing (2022). |
