Table 2 Typology of input approaches with descriptions and exemplar quotes

Copy-paster

Copies and pastes the whole vignette into the chatbot.

I basically just inputted the entire vignette and then said, Please list three potential diagnoses based off of the vignette. Physician 14

If I typed every single thing that I thought was important, that was going to take a lot more time than just me copying everything and just pasting it. Physician 22

It’s definitely less effort to just copy-paste the whole thing in […] instead of carefully formulating a well-thought-out question. Physician 10

I think [copy-pasting] was just to give it all the information that we were provided with. I wasn’t sure if there’s a better way to format it. Physician 13

Selective copy-paster

Copies sections of the vignette, but not the whole thing; makes selections of content to copy based on what is believed to be relevant.

I mostly did chunks of [the vignette]. I usually just did the descriptive parts. Physician 3

I might copy and paste the relevant part of the physical exam, but not the whole physical exam […] I try to narrow the search space so that I’m really getting what I want back. Physician 16

I just had this assumption it would just overwhelm ChatGPT. So I didn’t copy and paste the whole case. I just copy and pasted more of the aspects of the information that would be more valuable to me in terms of affecting my decision making. Physician 15

Summarizer

Makes assessment of relevant or important information from the vignette and summarizes the information in their own words to enter into the chatbot.

I only put the relevant information, or at least what looked like the relevant information to me, from a case. I would summarize everything in there. Physician 16

I more often tend to just summarize the pertinent findings. […] I feel like just convenience for myself, and also trying to reduce the amount of noise for ChatGPT. I don’t want it going down rabbit holes. Physician 19

Another time I tried writing the case with the points that I thought were pertinent positives. I tried to distill it to, “All right, these are the pertinent positives.” […] I don’t want to feel like I’m outsourcing all of my thinking and literally just copy-pasting. Physician 17

Searcher

Uses the chatbot like an internet search with basic queries; might include stringing together multiple concepts to ask a question, but limited to no more than one sentence.

There were specific questions that I typed in the ChatGPT, because I needed the answer to come up with the three differential diagnoses. Physician 8

I wanted to use it more as a tool to supplement me if I needed it. And that’s why I only asked it, “I’m thinking this, this is what I’m going to put in.” […] I wanted to see if the data supported that and not have a computer give me a diagnosis initially. Physician 2

I tried a couple more generic questions and the responses I got back were I think too vague to be helpful. […] I have a hard time knowing how to communicate what I need out of ChatGPT to give me back something useful. Physician 6