Table 3 Convergent and discriminant validity table

Cognitive load

0.760

0.514

0.176

0.026

0.717

EHR data usability (second-order formative factor components)

Data completeness

0.861

0.676

0.506

0.235

−0.162*

0.822

Data driven

0.715

0.558

0.138

0.083

0.074

0.372*

0.747

Data quality

0.871

0.536

0.517

0.216

−0.212*

0.705*

0.326*

0.732

EHR usability

0.894

0.737

0.517

0.249

−0.329*

0.711*

0.367*

0.719*

0.859

Information overload

0.817

0.690

0.221

0.126

0.42*

−0.444*

−0.056

−0.417*

−0.47*

0.831