Fig. 4: Extent and location of excess protected-area fires in 2020 in Madagascar.
From: Elevated fires during COVID-19 lockdown and the vulnerability of protected areas
a, The occurrence of months with excess fires in protected areas presented as the percentage change between the total number of observed and predicted fires across all protected areas modelled for each month of 2020. Shaded areas around the lines correspond to 95% confidence intervals. The size of the circles for those months with significantly more fires than predicted on the basis of climate and biome is relative to the number of excess fires in those months; the numbers above the circles refer to the number of excess fires for the month in question. b, The spatial distribution of excess fires among Madagascar’s protected areas shown as the sum of excess fires March–July 2020 divided by size of protected area. c, The number of months (out of five, March–July) for which a protected area experienced excess fires.
