Extended Data Fig. 5: Top sender and receiver countries after controlling for research effort.
From: Unevenly distributed biological invasion costs among origin and recipient regions
Top 10 IAS cost sender countries (a), top 10 IAS cost receiver countries (b) and top 10 sender-receiver country pairs (c) in the InvaCost database when total reported costs are qualified by numbers of publications per country. Costs correspond to qualified invasion impacts in 2017 US$ values of species native to a country across all receiving countries (a), qualified invasion costs per country attributable to individual species native to any other country (b), and qualified invasion costs incurred per receiver country attributable to species native to the corresponding sender country (c). In (c), darker red hues indicate greater senders of costs, darker blue hues indicate greater receivers of costs, and blacker hues represent countries that both receive and send high costs. Countries are not to scale. Arrows indicate species’ known native ranges and final recipient regions of costs and therefore do not necessarily indicate direct flows between countries. Base map is the intellectual property of Esri and its licensors and is used under license. Copyright © 2013 Esri and its licensors. All rights reserved.
