Table 1 Net LCA (endpoint level) associated with implementing the multicropping maize-based system
From: Contribution of double-cropped maize ethanol in Brazil to sustainable development
Area of protection | Category | Without BECCS | With BECCS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact result | Total | Impact result | Total | ||
Human health (DALY t−1 of maize) | Global warming, human health | −6.00 × 10−4 | −7.91 × 10−4 | −8.76 × 10−4 | −1.07 × 10−3 |
Human non-carcinogenic toxicity | −2.52 × 10−4 | −2.52 × 10−4 | |||
Human carcinogenic toxicity | −4.14 × 10−5 | −4.09 × 10−5 | |||
Ionizing radiation | −3.49 × 10−8 | −3.35 × 10−8 | |||
Ozone formation, human health | −2.63 × 10−8 | 2.59 × 10−9 | |||
Water consumption, human health | 1.93 × 10−6 | 2.22 × 10−6 | |||
Stratospheric ozone depletion | 1.10 × 10−6 | 1.12 × 10−6 | |||
Fine particulate matter formation | 1.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−4 | |||
Ecosystem (species year t−1 of maize) | Global warming, terrestrial ecosystems | −1.82 × 10−6 | −9.94 × 10−7 | −2.64 × 10−6 | −1.79 × 10−6 |
Ozone formation, terrestrial ecosystems | −1.86 × 10−9 | 2.46 × 10−9 | |||
Freshwater eutrophication | −2.84 × 10−10 | 3.33 × 10−10 | |||
Global warming, freshwater ecosystems | −4.98 × 10−11 | −7.23 × 10−11 | |||
Water consumption, aquatic ecosystems | 5.24 × 10−13 | 6.04 × 10−13 | |||
Marine ecotoxicity | 1.40 × 10−10 | 1.58 × 10−10 | |||
Marine eutrophication | 1.71 × 10−10 | 1.80 × 10−10 | |||
Freshwater ecotoxicity | 2.37 × 10−9 | 2.48 × 10−9 | |||
Water consumption, terrestrial ecosystem | 1.17 × 10−8 | 1.35 × 10−8 | |||
Terrestrial ecotoxicity | 1.40 × 10−8 | 1.42 × 10−8 | |||
Land use | 2.98 × 10−7 | 3.03 × 10−7 | |||
Terrestrial acidification | 5.07 × 10−7 | 5.22 × 10−7 | |||
Resources (US$2003 t−1 of maize) | Fossil resource scarcity | −1.07 × 102 | −1.07 × 102 | −1.04 × 102 | −1.04 × 102 |
Mineral resource scarcity | 3.33 × 10−2 | 3.73 × 10−2 | |||
