Fig. 1: Fractions of federal environmental civil litigation constituted by particular plaintiff–defendant-type combinations.
From: Outcomes and policy focus of environmental litigation in the United States
The large plurality of all such litigation in the United States (18.6%) is driven by the federal government suing firms and trade associations. The next most common combinations are ENGOs suing the federal government (13.9%) and firms and trade associations suing other firms and trade associations (11.8%). Across all defendants, these three plaintiff types constitute 73.9% of federal environmental civil suits. The 36 plaintiff–defendant-type combinations shown here account for 97.5% of all litigation in our data.
