Extended Data Fig. 7: Micromagnetic simulation results of transformation from stripe domains to densely packed skyrmion lattices driven by temperature gradients.
From: Thermal generation, manipulation and thermoelectric detection of skyrmions
Following the increasing time, presented as the number of frames (1, 30, 100, 200, 300, 400), skyrmions are first nucleated at the hot edge, followed by the immediate thermal diffusion from the hot side towards the cold side. Meanwhile, skyrmions are also generated by breaking the stripe domains followed by relaxation in the hot side. The diffusion of skyrmions then pushes the stripe domains out of the simulation box. The time lapse between consecutive frames is \(\Delta t = 60J_{{\mathrm{ex}}}/\gamma D^2\). The temperature gradient is \(k = 0.01J_{{\mathrm{ex}}}/k_B\) and \({\it{H}}_a = 0.6{\it{D}}^2/{\it{J}}_{ex}\). Here we assume the film thickness is 0.1Jex/D. The scale bar is 20Jex/D. The open (periodic) boundary condition is used in the horizontal (vertical) direction.
