Extended Data Fig. 2: Skyrmion generation and propagation in the [Ta/Co₂₀Fe₆₀B₂₀/MgO]₁₅ multilayer at positive magnetic fields (+μ₀H_⊥) by using the upper heater.

At different positive magnetic fields, by applying pulse voltages (duration fixed at 100 μs) into the upper heater (H1), the thermal generation of skyrmions, together with the propagation towards the cold side are evident. The experimentally utilized parameters and the estimated temperatures at the upper edge (hot side) are also listed.