Fifty years after the term brain–computer interface was coined, the neurotechnology is being pursued by an array of start-up companies using a variety of different technologies. But the path to clinical and commercial success remains uncertain.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Can communication Brain-Computer Interfaces read minds?
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences Open Access 20 January 2025
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$32.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
$119.00 per year
only $9.92 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to the full article PDF.
USD 39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout



References
Vidal, J. J. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 2, 157–180 (1973).
Bundy, B. T. et al. Stroke 48, 1908–1915 (2017).
Rustamov, N., Humphries, J., Carter, A. & Leuthardt, E. C. Brain Commun. 4, fcac136 (2022).
Ban, H. Y. et al. J. Biomed. Opt. 27, 074710 (2022).
Bergey, G. K. et al. Neurology 84, 810–817 (2015).
Mitchell, P. et al. JAMA Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.4847 (2023).
Willett, F. R. et al. Nature 593, 249–254 (2021).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Drew, L. Decoding the business of brain–computer interfaces. Nat Electron 6, 90–95 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-00929-9
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-023-00929-9
This article is cited by
-
Can communication Brain-Computer Interfaces read minds?
Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences (2025)