Fig. 2: Facet-dependent charge separation in the N–TiO2 photocatalyst.

a–c, Low-magnification (a) and high-magnification (b,c) HAADF–STEM images showing the morphology of N–TiO2. The high-magnification images also exhibit lattice fringes with d-spacings of 0.237 and 0.352 nm, in accordance with the [004] and [101] crystallographic planar directions of anatase TiO2, respectively, indicating the preferential exposure of the (001) and (101) facets. d,e, HAADF–STEM images of N–TiO2 loaded with Pt NPs and CoOx NPs via the facet-selective photo-deposition method. Schematic illustrations are given as insets. STEM–EDS mapping of the CoOx/N–TiO2 sample is also given in e (scale bars, 5 nm). More microscopic images and EDS mappings are provided in Supplementary Fig. 10.