Fig. 2: Scope of the palladium-catalysed synthesis of β-lactams by the reaction of acylsilanes and imines.

Acylsilane (0.60 mmol), imine (0.20 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.010 mmol), IPr* (0.020 mmol) and toluene (0.60 ml) in a sealed tube at 110 °C for 17 h. Isolated yields are shown. Ratios in parentheses are stereoisomer ratios, and the structure of the major isomer was determined by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. aThe structure of the major isomer was determined by X-ray crystallography (Supplementary Fig. 4). bAcylsilane (1.0 mmol) was used. cRun at 160 °C.