Table 1 Random-effect variance component estimates (and 95% CIa) from likelihood meta-analysis models in analyses of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses

From: Evolutionary history of plant hosts and fungal symbionts predicts the strength of mycorrhizal mutualism

Source

AM-sub data (n = 2398)

EM data (n = 1001)

Interpretation

Plant phylogeny

0.009 (0.0–0.15)

0.0 (0.0–0.07)

Phylogenetic heritability (“early” divergence) in plant hosts

Plant species

0.15 (0.04–0.25), R2 = 0.24b

0.0 (0.0–0.06)

Non-phylogenetic variation (“recent” divergence) among plant species or plasticity

Fungal phylogeny

0.0 (0.0–0.02)

0.0 (0.0–0.03)

Phylogenetic heritability (“early” divergence) in fungi

Fungal genus

0.0 (0.0–0.01)

0.0 (0.0–0.02)

Non-phylogenetic variation (“recent” divergence) among fungal genera or plasticity

Plant origin

N/A

0.232 (0.01–1.5), R2 = 0.18

Variation among seven EM host plant clades having independent evolutionary origins of EM lifestyle

Fungal origin

N/A

0.0 (0.0–0.03)

Variation among 24 EM fungal clades having independent evolutionary origins of EM lifestyle

Plant × fungal origin

N/A

0.01 (0.0–0.05)

Variation among 50 combinations of plant and fungal clades having independent evolutionary origins of EM lifestyle

Plant phylogeny × fungal phylogeny

0.0 (0.0–0.06)

0.11 (0.01–0.16), R2 = 0.09

Evolution of specificity between plant and fungal phylogenies

Plant phylogeny × fungal genus

0.06 (0.0–0.09), R2 = 0.09

0.0 (0.0–0.05)

Evolution of specificity between plant phylogeny and fungal genera

Plant species × fungal phylogeny

0.0 (0.0–0.05)

0.0 (0.0–0.09)

Evolution of specificity between plant species and fungal phylogeny

Plant species × fungal genus

0.0001 (0.0–0.06)

0.0 (0.0–0.03)

Recent divergence leading to specificity between plant species and fungal genera

Study ID

0.10 (0.09–0.11), R2 = 0.15

0.04 (0.03–0.05)

Residual between-studies variance

Control set

0.16 (0.14–0.18), R2 = 0.24

0.15 (0.12–0.19), R2 = 0.12

Non-independence among observations sharing a non-inoculated control

Paper

0.15 (0.11–0.21), R2 = 0.24

0.65 (0.45–0.97), R2 = 0.51

Non-independence among observations from the same primary paper

  1. a95% CI is a profile likelihood confidence interval
  2. bR2 is a partial conditional R2, which is the proportion of between-studies variance in effect size explained by a particular random effect. Bold print highlights likelihood variance components accounting for >5% of between-studies variance in likelihood analysis, for which R2 is shown
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