Table 3 Summary of parallel strategy of PATOWAS for high-performance distributed computing

From: 2D association and integrative omics analysis in rice provides systems biology view in trait analysis

Computing module

Computation complexity description

Repetitive parallelizable calculation unit

Allocated job for each CPU node with p parallelizable nodes

Kinship matrix calculation

\(\frac{{n(n + 1)}}{2}\) Loops for each of the 2 kinship matrix’s cell calculations

Kinship matrix cell calculations

\(\frac{{n(n + 1)}}{{2p}}\) loops for each matrix’s cell calculations

p-Value scanning for main effects

m times Wald test and Chi-square calculation

2 degrees of freedom Wald test and Chi-square calculation

\(\frac{m}{p}\) times 2 degrees of freedom Wald test and Chi-square calculation

p-Value scanning for interaction effects

\(\frac{{m(m - 1)}}{2}\) times Wald test and Chi-square calculation

4 degrees of freedom Wald test and Chi-square calculation

\(\frac{{m(m - 1)}}{{2p}}\) times 4 degrees of freedom Wald test and Chi-square calculation