Fig. 2
From: Hemoglobin S and C affect biomechanical membrane properties of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes
Changes in biomechanical parameters in uninfected and P. falciparum-infected HbAA erythrocytes. a Bending modulus κ, b surface tension σ, c membrane confinement γ, d and apparent red blood cell viscosity ηRBC. U (red); uninfected, R (orange); ring phase, and T (yellow); trophozoite. Individual data points represent a single determination and n the total number of data points obtained using blood of N different donors. Box plots (gray) were laid over the data points. The 25–75 percentile ranges are highlighted in red and replotted in the following figures. The gradient images of representative cells at the corresponding infection stages are presented as insets of panel a. The cytoplasmic area occupied by the parasite is highlighted by the dotted line. *p < 0.05 according to Welch t-test. Scale bar, 5 µm
