Fig. 4
From: Hemoglobin S and C affect biomechanical membrane properties of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes
Biomechanical properties of HbAA erythrocytes infected with a knobless, FCR3-derived mutant at the trophozoite stage. a Representative SEM image and b representative gradient map calculated from a phase contrast image. c Bending modulus κ, d surface tension σ e membrane confinement γ, and f apparent red blood cell viscosity ηRBC. Individual data points represent a single determination and n the total number of data points obtained using blood of N different donors. Box plots (gray) were laid over the data points. The 25–75 percentile ranges of the corresponding HbAA results are highlighted in red for visual comparison. *p < 0.05 according to Welch t-test. Scale bar, 2 µm
