Fig. 1
From: Adipocyte metabolism is improved by TNF receptor-targeting small RNAs identified from dried nuts
Small RNA isolated from nuts reduce cytokine expression and enhance insulin-mediated glucose uptake in adipocytes. a, b Transcriptomics data of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05) obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE32095 (a). Functional enrichment analysis of up-regulated genes (>2-fold change; p < 0.05) (b). c, d p-NFkBp65 protein (c) and TNF-α mRNA expressions (d) were analyzed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with TNF-α or CoCl2 and transfected with small RNA (sRNA) extracted from J. california, J. regia, or C. avellana. Transfection with a scramble small RNA [(−)sRNA] was used as a negative control. Uncropped images are shown in Supplementary Fig. 6. e Accumulation of triglycerides was evaluated in normal (day 6) and hypertrophic (day 16) 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Oil red-O staining. f, g Cytokines mRNA expression (f), intracellular (g, left panel), and extracellular (g, right panel) TNF-α protein levels were analyzed in normal (day 6) and hypertrophic (day 16) adipocytes transfected with sRNA extracted from J. californica, J. regia, C. avellana, or M. domestica by qPCR, flow cytofluorimetry, and ELISA assays, respectively. h Akt-p(Ser473) was measured in insulin-stimulated hypertrophic (day 16) or TNF-α-treated adipocytes and transfected with sRNA extracted from J. california. Uncropped images are shown in Supplementary Fig. 6. i Glucose uptake was measured by flow cytofluorimetry in insulin-stimulated hypertrophic adipocytes and transfected with sRNA extracted from J. California, C. avellana, and M. domestica. All immunoblots reported are representative of three independent experiments giving similar results. Actinin was used as a loading control. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n = 3)
