Fig. 4: Ethylene partially mediates submergence responses.

Ten-day-old seedlings were used. Error bars indicate ±SD. a Effects of submergence time on wound responses. The Col-0 seedlings were submerged for the indicated time periods and then transferred to the air. Re-aerated seedlings were wounded immediately and harvested 1 h after the treatment. For ADH1, the Col-0 seedlings were harvested right after 1 h submergence. Three biological replicates were averaged. Letters indicate groups that are statistically significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Tukey’s test). NS, not significant. b Expression of wound- and ethylene-responsive genes. The Col-0 seedlings were submerged and wounded as described in Fig. 1c. Three biological replicates were averaged. Letters indicate groups that are statistically significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Tukey’s test). c Expression of wound-responsive genes in ein2-1 mutant. The Col-0 and ein2-1 seedlings were submerged and wounded as described in Fig. 1c. Three biological replicates were averaged. Letters indicate groups that are statistically significantly different from each other (P < 0.05, Tukey’s test).