Fig. 2: Transposable elements, non-transposon genes, and piRNAs are affected in tud mutant brains.
From: Glial granules contain germline proteins in the Drosophila brain, which regulate brain transcriptome
a Many transposable elements are upregulated in tud mutant brains (left panel) and, to a lesser extent, in the ovaries (right panel). For the brain, the names of transposable elements differentially expressed (DE) in tud mutants more than twofold are listed, and for the ovaries, all DE transposable elements are listed (complete list of DE transposons is included in Supplementary Fig. 3). X-axis shows log2 values of changes in the levels of transposable elements in tud mutants vs. wild-type (wt; fold change, FC). Although most transposable elements are upregulated (red bars), some transposons are downregulated (green bars) in tud mutants, p < 0.05 (source data are included in Supplementary Data 3). b In tud mutant brains, most piRNAs are downregulated. c In tud mutant ovaries, somewhat more piRNAs are upregulated than downregulated. d Tud functions in the brain to maintain sense piRNA bias. piRNAs were mapped to either “+” or “–” strand of transposons in wt (left panel), and tud mutant (right panel) brains. Lengths of piRNAs are indicated on X-axis and their corresponding numbers are shown on Y-axis. Wt brain piRNAs show sense (+ strand) bias, which is completely eliminated in tud mutants. e Wt ovarian piRNAs’ antisense bias (left) is not affected in tud mutant ovaries (right). f Most of wt brain piRNAs are mapping to non-transposon genes, whereas the majority of wt ovarian piRNAs are mapping to transposable elements. Pie charts show percentage distribution of wt piRNAs mapped to non-transposon genes or LTR and LINE transposable elements. Also, small fraction of piRNAs was mapped to satellite DNA in the brain and ovary, 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. g wt brain piRNAs mapped to non-transposon genes (genic piRNAs) preferentially localize to exons and 3′-UTRs but in the ovaries, genic piRNAs preferentially localize to introns. h In tud mutant brains, most antisense piRNAs, which localize to DE genes, are downregulated and map to upregulated genes. Plots show log2FC values for DE genes (X-axis) vs. those for DE piRNAs (Y-axis) that map to these DE genes in tud mutant brains (source data are included in Supplementary Data 3).
