Fig. 6: Hepatic phospholipid classes are impacted by maternal diet and are sex-dependent. | Communications Biology

Fig. 6: Hepatic phospholipid classes are impacted by maternal diet and are sex-dependent.

From: Obese mother offspring have hepatic lipidic modulation that contributes to sex-dependent metabolic adaptation later in life

Fig. 6

Relative hepatic content of a sphingomyelin (SM), d phosphatidylinositol (PI), and g LysoPI (LPI) classes; Heatmaps showing the b SM and e PI species and h bar chart showing the LPI species; bubble chart of the c SM and f PI saturation profile in liver extract between M and F (for sex comparison: C/C and HF/C columns, white background) and between C/C and HF/C (for mother diet comparison: F and M columns, gray background) offspring; heatmaps showing the p-value of the gene expression in comparison to the group of reference of the phospholipid pathway between i sex and j mother diet; k graphical representation of the main findings of the metabolic adaptation to maternal obesity in F and M compared to CD mother; and l schematic overview of the fatty acid, phospholipid, and sphingolipid pathways in the liver of offspring born from HFD mother compared to CD mother. The enzymes involved in the lipid biosynthesis pathways are colored according to the expression level of the coding gene (letter color pink: higher in F, blue: higher in M, black: similar between sexes). The color of the background indicates the relative abundance of the end lipid product detected by LC-MS, pink background: higher in F, light blue background: higher in M. The size of the bubbles indicates the p value. Larger bubbles correspond to higher significance where p value below 0.05 is considered significant. The color of the bubbles indicates the log10 fold change between the two group’s comparison; the heatmaps were colored according to log2 fold change in comparison to the group of reference (for sex comparison: M versus F in C/C, M versus F in HF/C, blue: higher in females, red: higher in males, white: similar between sexes. For maternal diet comparison: C/C versus HF/C within F and C/C versus HF/C within M, green: higher in C/C and purple: higher in HF/C, white: no change). For a–h n  = 4 per group. For i and j n  =  7 per group. Data are presented as mean  ±  sem. Two-way ANOVA (sex (S), mother diet (D), interaction (I) between sex and diet, and (ns) for not significant) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test when significant (p  <  0.05). *M versus F and #HF/C versus C/C (p  <  0.05), ** or ##p  <  0.01 and *** or ###p <  0.001.

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