Fig. 1: Clinical and virological features of Lassa fever.

a Clinical score, survival rate, and monitoring of body temperature are presented. Results show mean values and individual data for each cohort, except for survival rate, represented with a Kaplan–Meier curve. Controls (n = 3), LASV-AV (n = 4), LASV-Josiah (n = 6). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, as determined by a one-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test for analysis between controls and AV- and Josiah-infected animals and by a t test for comparison between only controls and AV-infected NHPs. Red asterisks indicate a significant difference between LASV-Josiah and controls, blue asterisks a significant difference between LASV-AV and controls, and black asterisks a significant difference between LASV-Josiah and LASV-AV. b Quantification of viral load and infectious particles in the plasma of animals according to the time after LASV infection. Mean values of each cohort and individual data points are presented as the number of viral RNA copies/ml (viral load) or FFU/ml (infectious particles) according to the time after challenge with AV (blue dots) or Josiah (red dots). LASV-AV (n = 4), LASV-Josiah (n = 6). The individual data at the time before the death of all LASV-Josiah-infected primates were used to calculate the mean determined at 12 DPI *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, as determined by a Student’s t test. c Quantification of viral RNA copies and infectious particles per milligram of various tissues, including inguinal lymph nodes (ILN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), small intestine (Small int.), large intestine (Large int.), the reproductive system (ovaries or testicles) (Reprod. system), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at 2 (left panel), 5 (middle panel), and 11 (right panel) DPI. Individual and mean values are presented for the two cohorts. *p < 0.05, as determined by a Student’s t test.