Fig. 5: Differential baseline expression of genes of the autophagy pathway in adult, pediatric, and fetal OL-lineage cells.

a Relative expression of lysosome formation genes of the autophagy pathway in total OL lineage cells from adult, pediatric, and fetal samples. Scale is z-scores of averaged normalized gene expression across the age groups; percent expressed indicates the percentage of OL lineage cells in the age group expressing the gene. Arrows indicate up- (orange) or down- (blue) regulation (adj. p < 0.05) against all other groups where one arrow is |logFC | > 0.1, two arrows |logFC | > 0.25, three arrows |logFC | > 0.99, by Wilcoxon rank sum differential expression testing with Bonferroni correction. Number of independent biological samples by age group: 4 adult, 7 pediatric and 4 fetal. b–e Relative expression of genes involved in nucleation of autophagosomes (b), elongation of autophagosomes (c), fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes (d) and lysosome formation (e) in optimal conditions (N1) and low glucose (LG) in adult OLs. mRNA expression was measured by microarray analysis with N = 3 independent biological samples from adult donors. Mean ± SEM for each condition in the figure. Statistical significance was verified by Student’s t-test: *(<0.05), **(<0.01), ***(<0.001). SQSTM1 encodes for p62 and MAP1LC3B encodes for LC3-II.