Fig. 3: Peak analysis of coactivations in Sherlock.

Peak SFPA—mean ISFC time-course of n = 35 fMRI participants and of all network regions was averaged across the five peak events on each behavioral measure (e.g., ISFC during five most surprising events). This resulted in a mean ISFC value per network per peak-state, presented here. DMN regions were selectively coactivated during peak surprise, compared to all other peak states, as revealed by random permutation testing (1000 iterations) at p < 0.05. Network ISFC is plotted as mean ± SEM across subjects. a Peak-SFPA; t = 0 corresponds to event onset. Mean ISFC at t = 0 was calculated across a 15-TR window centered around t = 0, from −7TR to +7TR. Mean ISFC at t = 1 was calculated across a 15-TR window centered around t = 1, from −6TR to +8TR, and so on for each plotted time-bin. b Peak-SFPA, as mean DMN ISFC corresponding to event onset (t = 0 in A). Surprise 0.49 ± 0.07, emotional intensity 0.26 ± 0.07, vividness 0.25 ± 0.06, importance 0.27 ± 0.07, episodic memory 0.17 ± 0.06, emotional valence 0.26 ± 0.07, theory of mind 0.15 ± 0.06. Scattered dots denote individual-subject ISFC values. c Mean ISFC across participants and network regions, corresponding to the onsets of three similar events within the same scene, the first of which was found to generate peak surprise. The scene depicted a press conference in which the same initially-surprising text-message was sent to all attendees three times, corresponding to a decrease in mean ISFC of the DMN, but not DAN or Vis. Scattered circles denote individual-subject ISFC values.