Fig. 8: An outline of SCPs-A6 and G6 in combating bacterial infection and preventing inflammation.

Dual-functional A6 and G6 can directly kill E. coli either by disruption of cell membranes or internal biomacromolecules (1), directly bind to LPS or macrophages (2), which may be compete with LPS for binding to the TLR signaling complex (3), suppress NF-κβ translocation into the nucleus (4), regulate the inflammatory cytokines by the MAPK pathway (5), improve the IAP levels in the duodenum of mice and thus indirectly dephosphorylate LPS (6) and relieve its toxicity6,37. Images of LBP, cytokines, CD14, MD2, TLR4, and membrane proteins, partial cell membranes, cell membranes, and nucleic acids were from SMART—Servier Medical ART (http://smart.servier.com/), which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).