Fig. 1: Influenza alters adipose tissues’ functions.

a Body weight loss (% from initial body weight (BW)) of mock-treated and IAV-infected mice, at day 7 post-infection (7 dpi), n = 33 mock-treated animals and n = 46 IAV-infected animals. Individuals values, as well as means ± SD are shown. ****p < 0.0001. b Adipose tissue (AT) mass (g/g BW) of mock-treated and IAV-infected mice at 7 dpi, n = 25 mock-treated animals and n = 28 IAV-infected animals. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. c Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of the expression of lipolytic genes (Atgl, Hsl, Mgl) and lipogenic genes (Glut4, Me2, Fasn) in SCAT and EWAT from mock-treated and IAV-infected mice at 7 dpi. For lipolytic genes: n = 5 mock-treated animals and n = 8 IAV-infected animals. For lipogenic genes: n = 5 mock-treated animals and n = 18 IAV-infected animals. RT-qPCR data were normalized to Eef2 housekeeping gene expression and expressed relative to the expression obtained in the samples from mock-treated mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, ns = not significant. d Determination of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, and leptin levels (by ELISA) in the supernatants of SCAT and EWAT explants from mock-treated and IAV-infected mice at 7 dpi. For IL-1β and leptin: n = 7 mock-treated animals and n = 13 IAV-infected animals. For IL-10 and IL-6: n = 14 mock-treated animals and n = 20 IAV-infected animals. Data were normalized to the mass of the explants (mg). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Differences between mock-treated and IAV-infected groups (a–d) were considered significant when p < 0.05.