Fig. 1: Early gene expression profiles correlate with disease.

a Volcano plot showing differential gene expression in tracheal aspirate macrophages isolated on day 1 based on eventual BPD outcome. Genes of interest highlighted. b Boxplots with each data point shown, mean as black diamond, median as black line with 95% confidence intervals as colored lines. P values calculated by Welch Two Sample t-test (unpaired, two-tailed). CCL3 and CCL20 were not initially identified using strict FDR, but were statistically different and included based on potential role in BPD pathogenesis. c Genes with lower expression in BPD patients. (n = 8 for no BPD; n = 33 for BPD). d Real-time PCR validation of higher CCL3 and CCL20 expression in BPD patients. Data shown as mean expression (2^−ΔCT). P calculated by Mann-Whitney U test. e and f Reactome pathways enriched in samples obtained on day 1 of life. g Volcano plot showing differential gene expression in macrophages obtained on day 7 between patients developing no or mild BPD and those developing severe BPD. h Selected genes expressed higher in patients eventually developing severe BPD. i Selected genes with lower expression in severe BPD patients. (n = 5 for none/mild BPD; n = 14 for severe BPD). j and k Reactome pathways enriched in samples obtained on day 7 of life.