Fig. 2: Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of engineered liposomal nanotheranostics showing spherical morphology.

a, b TEM images showing the successful encapsulation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in liposomal cavity, scale bar = 100 nm and 10 nm. c TEM imaging observation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) encapsulated with liposomal nanohybrids named as NFGL, scale bar = 500 nm. d Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of NFGL nanohybrids, scale bar = 100 nm. e Microscopic image showing the distribution of parent liposomes (loaded with AuNPs and GQDs) with maintained spherical morphology, scale bar = 200 nm.