Fig. 8: Multimode image analysis using in vivo X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) and near-infrared fluorescence imaging showing specific biodistribution with promising contrasting ability of post-injected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) loaded liposomal nanotheranostics with folic acid functionalization (NFGL–FA) in major organs and tumor.

a–c Quantitative analysis from X-ray CT imaging (n = 3 mice per group) and d–f near-infrared fluorescence imaging using the in vivo imaging system (n = 3 mice per group) with and without NIR exposure experiments and compared with pre-injected mice (considered as control groups).