Fig. 5: Heart rate recovery after pacing-induced cardiac arrest in NpHR early pupa.
From: Non-invasive red-light optogenetic control of Drosophila cardiac function
a Demonstration of heart rate recovery after red-light LED excitation for 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 20 s, respectively in an NpHR early pupa (see examples in Supplementary video 11–15). An increased overshoot and recovery time were observed with longer cardiac arrest times. Scale bar: 120 μm. b Group average of heart rate change after creating cardiac arrest for 1 s, 2 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 20 s, using red-light excitation (n = 18). The blue shade represents the standard deviation of the heart rate at each time point. The gray bar represents the normalized heart rate within 80–120% of the RHR. Characterization of the mean, median, 25th percentile, and extremes for different cardiac-arrest-induced normalized maximum heart rates (c) and recovery times (d). Two-sided Student’s t-tests were used. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
