Fig. 8: Cardiac amylin accumulation induced changes in Ca2+ level, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function and lactate production in hiPSC-CMs.

a Steady-state intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured in hiPSC-CMs incubated with or without amylin for 2 h (n = 4/group). b ROS production was compared in hiPSC-CMs treated as in panel (a) (n = 6/group). c Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (n = 6/group) and d ATP level (n = 8/group) were measured in hiPSC-CMs treated with amylin for 2 h. e Effect of pre-treatment with HIF1α inhibitor YC-1 on lactate production induced by amylin (n = 7/group). Data represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 by Student’s t test (a–d) and One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test (e).