Table 1 Result of two-sample T-test on the prediction accuracy on all dates of the extended and original WKDE models.

From: An extended Weight Kernel Density Estimation model forecasts COVID-19 onset risk and identifies spatiotemporal variations of lockdown effects in China

No. of days between base date and date of prediction

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

Accuracy of extended WKDE

Mean

0.773

0.759

0.745

0.734

0.725

0.700

0.706

0.673

0.655

0.593

0.549

0.512

0.512

0.459

Variance

0.084

0.075

0.071

0.065

0.060

0.059

0.059

0.056

0.055

0.057

0.052

0.049

0.045

0.043

Accuracy of original WKDE

Mean

0.679

0.665

0.657

0.650

0.644

0.616

0.625

0.590

0.574

0.515

0.471

0.435

0.428

0.385

Variance

0.082

0.074

0.070

0.063

0.055

0.057

0.055

0.056

0.053

0.056

0.051

0.050

0.045

0.042

T

1.988

2.106

2.016

2.031

2.069

2.119

2.099

2.136

2.129

2.017

2.096

2.105

2.438

2.210

P(H0)

0.049

0.037

0.046

0.044

0.040

0.036

0.038

0.034

0.035

0.046

0.038

0.037

0.016

0.029

  1. The null hypothesis was H0: μ(accuracyextended) ≤ μ(accuracyoriginal), i.e., the extended WKDE model is not more accurate than the original WKDE model. At the significance level of 0.05, H0 was rejected consistently for the prediction accuracy with 1–14 days between the base date and the prediction date, thus showing that the extended WKDE model has a statistically significant higher accuracy. N = 75 samples on every date were use in each two-sample T-test.