Fig. 2: Cholinergic modulation triggers excitatory responses and action potentials during ON stimulation of VPCs. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Cholinergic modulation triggers excitatory responses and action potentials during ON stimulation of VPCs.

From: Top-down acetylcholine signaling via olfactory bulb vasopressin cells contributes to social discrimination in rats

Fig. 2: Cholinergic modulation triggers excitatory responses and action potentials during ON stimulation of VPCs.

a Schematic drawing of the experimental setup. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in 300 µm in vitro slices of responses from VPCs to electrical ON stimulation (50 µA, 100 µs, 30 s intervals). b Representative averaged traces of responses following ON stimulation in the ACSF condition (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, gray) and during bath application of 5-HT (serotonin 20 µM, red). c Cumulative analysis of normalized IPSP amplitudes of evoked IPSPs to the ACSF control condition during bath application of 5-HT (n = 8 cells). Data are presented as means including distribution of single data points. Lines between data points represent related measurements. Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, *p < 0.05. d Representative averaged traces of responses following ON stimulation in the ACSF condition (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, gray) and during bath application of NA (noradrenaline 20 µM, red). e Cumulative analysis of normalized IPSP amplitudes of evoked IPSPs to the ACSF control condition during bath application of NA (n = 9 cells). Data are presented as means including distribution of single data points. Lines between data points represent related measurements. Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, *p < 0.05. f Representative averaged traces of responses to ON stimulation in the ACSF condition (gray) and a single trace during bath application of ACh showing APs (acetylcholine, red). g Pie-chart represents the proportion of VPCs showing either APs, EPSPs or IPSPs in the ACSF and ACh condition. Dot-plots represent cumulative analysis of amplitudes of PSPs or APs (set as 100 mV) in the ACSF and ACh condition. Related-Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, *p < 0.05. n = 20 cells. (h + i) Cumulative probability of evoked PSP amplitudes in the ACSF, 5-HT, NA, or ACh condition (n = 20/8/9/20 cells). The amplitudes of APs were set as 100 mV. Kruskal–Wallis test for variation comparison, Bonferroni post-hoc, *p < 0.05 ACh vs. ACSF, 5-HT, NA. ON, olfactory nerve, G glomerulus, GL glomerular layer, EPL external plexiform layer, VPC vasopressin cell.

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