Fig. 2: Selection of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes based on 3D-breeding.

a Principal component coordinates of the genetic diversity of tested genotypes. Pink dots represent the varieties currently recommended for the area of study. 3DB Cold tolerant (blue) represents the top 3 genotypes selected by 3D-breeding in cold areas (minimum night temperature <11.5 °C). 3DB Warm tolerant (red) represents the top 3 genotypes selected by 3D-breeding in warm areas (minimum night temperature >11.5 °C). Size of dots represents the performance of genotypes in farmer fields as overall appreciation (OA). b Probability of outperforming improved varieties currently recommended by using genotype selection generated by 3D-breeding with OA. The panel shows the probability of the top 3 genotypes in a given location in outperforming the improved variety recommended for that location. c Expected increase in yield across 15 consecutive growing seasons (2001 to 2015) for genotype selection from 3D-breeding. n = 1,165 observations.