Fig. 3: Free-living and particle-associated community patterns throughout the water column of the Fram Strait.

a Principal component analysis (PCA) of microbial communities. Ellipses encompass clustering of each of the fractions by water layer (S-surface, E-epipelagic, M-mesopelagic, B-bathypelagic), with normal confidence of 0.95. The percentages on both axes represent the explained variance of the axis. b Euclidean distances between FL and PA communities in each water layer. The colors represent different geographic origins: ice-covered (blue) and ice-free (red) regions. Results of Wilcoxon signed-rank test are represented on the right edge of the figure: (NS) - not significant, p-adjusted > 0.05; (*) - p-adjusted < 0.05; (**) - p-adjusted < 0.01; (***) - p-adjusted < 0.001.