Fig. 2: INS-1 release during salt chemotaxis but not during starvation conditioning is required for taste avoidance learning. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: INS-1 release during salt chemotaxis but not during starvation conditioning is required for taste avoidance learning.

From: DAF-2c signaling promotes taste avoidance after starvation in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling distinct phospholipase C isozymes

Fig. 2

a INS-1::Venus and VR1 were expressed in RIC under the tbh-1 promoter and in dopaminergic neurons, including CEP, under the dat-1 promoter, respectively, and then capsaicin was applied to inhibit INS-1 release from RIC with specific timing. b Timing of capsaicin addition during the taste avoidance learning paradigm. Continuous lines and dotted lines denote with and without capsaicin, respectively. c Chemotaxis of wild type, ins-1(nr2091) or cat-2(e1112); ins-1(nr2091) mutant worms with or without transgenes that drive expression of INS-1::Venus or both INS-1::Venus and VR1. Starvation conditioning was performed at high (left) or low (right) salt concentrations. Capsaicin was applied only during salt conditioning (green dots), only during chemotaxis test (red dots), or during both (purple dots). n = 4–6 assays. Bars represent mean values; error bars represent SEM. ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test: **P < 0.01. ns not significant.

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