Fig. 3: Taxonomic composition and Gamma diversity analysis.

a Pie chart of the 15 insect orders sampled showing the taxonomic affiliation and the respective number of MOTUs recovered, as well as their total proportion. For clarity purposes, only the five orders with highest number of species (Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera) are represented (in blue, red, green, brown and yellow, respectively), with the 10 remaining orders (Blattodea, Ephemeroptera, Mecoptera, Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Plecoptera, Psocodea, Raphidioptera, Thysanoptera and Trichoptera) clustered within the “Others” category in pink. Representativeness of each insect order in the dataset was consistent with the known bias of Malaise-trap sampling, especially toward dipterans and hymenopterans. b Incidence frequency-based accumulation curves (solid lines) with species richness extrapolations (dashed lines) for each insect order. Shaded area represents 95% confidence interval. As all accumulation curves were nearly plateauing, this indicated that for each represented insect order, almost all Malaise-trappable diversity over the sampling period had been successfully recovered.