Fig. 7: Effect of stand type on community composition for insect orders and functions.

Representation of the species retention rate (i.e. zeta ratio) per plot (i.e. zeta order) following nearest-neighbour plot combinations scheme (NN) with parameter sample set to 5000 and Monte–Carlo (mc) sampling for healthy, disturbed and salvaged stands, respectively, a–c for the five main insect Orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera) and d–f for the four main ecological functions recovered from taxonomic assignment (floricolous/non-floricolous and parasitoid/non-parasitoid species). Green line with plain dots represents mean species retention rate of the total dataset in each respective dieback category. Increasing curves express that common MOTUs are more likely to be retained in additional samples than rare ones (with the presence of common species over all plots if zeta ratio = 1) and decreasing curves indicate species turnover. In the present case, we found no core of common species for Hemiptera within each studied stand type. For clarity purposes, Hemiptera are hereafter not considered. Within healthy stands, only Coleoptera had no common species retained, while Diptera had a slight drop in the probability of common species occurring, but yet not a complete compositional turnover. Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hymenoptera were all impacted by disturbed stands with complete compositional turnovers within studied plots, and similar observation could be noticed for parasitoid and floricolous functional assemblages. Meanwhile, Coleoptera had a constant core of common species across the considered plots, and similar observation could be made within salvaged plots. Again, Lepidoptera assemblages were fully heterogenous across salvaged-logged plots, and both Diptera and Hymenoptera expressed a lower probability of sampling common species, but yet not showing a complete change in community composition.