Fig. 8: Insect orders winning and losing from environmental conditions.

Heatmap representation based on traitGLM analyses with LASSO penalty of insect orders’ prevalence according to environmental conditions: a forest dieback level (i.e. low, medium and high) and b stand types (i.e. healthy, disturbed and salvaged). Negative and positive interactions and their intensity in terms of biodiversity response to environmental conditions for each of the five most represented orders are highlighted by a continuous colour gradient spanning from blue to red, respectively. We found specific responses for each insect orders’ diversity in regards to dieback levels and stand types. For instance, the low prevalence of dipterans and hymenopterans observed at low dieback level while relatively high prevalence for coleopterans. However, hymenopteran prevalence was greater in forests of medium dieback level. Coleoptera was the only order with prevalence negatively impacted by salvage logging. Finally, disturbed plots showed a relatively high prevalence of both Lepidoptera and Hemiptera.