Fig. 3: Using phylogenetic tree, metabolic profile, and WGCAN analysis to predict that the key genes involved in the biosynthesis of polyphyllin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

a Phylogenetic tree of CYPs and UGTs. b Module–trait associations. Each row corresponds to a module of characteristic genes, and each column corresponds to a metabolite. Each cell contains the correlation and p-value of the genes in the module with the corresponding metabolite. c The production profiles of key metabolites involved in the biosynthetic pathway of polyphyllin in different tissues. The quantification of Polyphyllins contents was carried out in four separate experiments, in which each sample came from different mixtures of four plants. The error line represents the standard deviation.