Fig. 3: The regulations of Li⁺ in the cytoplasmic levels of GSK3β, β-catenin and FoxO3a by stimulating AKT following ischaemia-reperfusion.

a Representative protein bands for p-GSK3β, GSK3β, β-catenin, p-FoxO3a, FoxO3a and β-actin (the house-keeping protein) in cytoplasm. b–f Relative ratio of p-GSK3β and GSK3β is shown in b, the relative ratio of p-FoxO3a and FoxO3a is shown in e, and the normalised intensities of GSK3β, β-catenin, FoxO3a by β-actin are shown in c, d and f, inserts on the right are the relative comparison with the respective MCAO groups. The protein levels were calculated and plotted as mean ± SD. N = 6 per group. Two-way ANOVA for comparisons including more than two groups; unpaired two-tailed t-test for two group comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.