Fig. 1: KUCaP2 is a PDX line as a model for androgen receptor-dependent castration-resistant prostate cancer.

a, b Individual growth curves of KUCaP2 tumors in intact (a) and castrated (b) mice. Arrow indicates surgical castration. c Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in androgen-dependent (AD) and castration-resistant (CR) tumor-bearing mice (n = 4 each). d Western blotting of indicated proteins in AD and CR KUCaP2 tumors. Two antibodies for androgen receptor (AR) recognizing distinct epitopes on N-terminus (N20) and C-terminus (C19) were used. LNCaP, PC3, and 22RV1 prostate cancer cell lines act as controls. ACTB; β-actin. e, f Serum testosterone (e) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT, f) levels in mice bearing AD and CR KUCaP2 tumors. g, h Growth curves of AD (g) and CR (h) KUCaP2 tumors treated with control (siNTC) or siRNAs for AR (siAR#1 and siAR#2). **P < 0.01 (ANOVA). i, j Western blotting of indicated proteins in AD (i) and CR (j) KUCaP2 tumors treated with control or siRNAs for AR. k, l Representative microphotographs of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemical stains for AR and PSA in AD (k) and CR (l) KUCaP2 tumors treated with control or siRNAs for AR. Bars indicate 50 μm.