Fig. 4: EC synchronization at the pause site using NPOM allows observation of the his pause.

a The different templates that were used allowed transcription of the entire his transcript (Full length, FL) or only a small section containing the pause hairpin (Minimal length, ML). b Observed half-life values of the his pause using the various constructs in the absence of NusA. The average values of independent experiments with standard deviations (SD) are shown. c Observed half-life values of the his pause using the various constructs in the presence of NusA. d Transcription kinetics experiment using the full-length (FL) his template with ECs synchronized at the his pause using a NPOM roadblock. e Transcription kinetics experiment using the minimal length (ML) his template with ECs synchronized at the his pause using a NPOM roadblock. The pause site and full-length species are shown. NPOM removal was performed in the absence of NTPs for panels (d, e). The experiments were performed at least two times and variations were less than 10%.