Fig. 1: Effects of PutA on virulence-related phenotypes.
From: Proline utilization A controls bacterial pathogenicity by sensing its substrate and cofactors
a Genomic organization of the putA region in R. solanacearum GMI1000. b Domain structure analysis of PutA in R. solanacearum GMI1000 (HMMER, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/hmmer/), the first box represents the proline utilization A proline dehydrogenase N-terminal domain (95-142). c Time course analysis of the effect of PutA on epsA gene expression, which was measured by assessing the β-galactosidase activity of the epsA-lacZ transcriptional fusions in the GMI1000 wild-type and putA mutant strains. The wild-type strain, the putA mutant strain, and the putA complemented strain were evaluated for the following virulence-related phenotypes: EPS production (d), motility activity (e), biofilm formation (f), and antioxidant activity (g). The survival rate of the R. solanacearum wild-type strain was arbitrarily defined as 100% and used to normalize the survival rates of the putA mutant and the complementation strains. Results in c, d, e, f and g are mean ± standard deviations of three or six independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (unpaired t-test).
